Horse Pregnancy Feeding Schedule and Diet

Introduction

I’ll never forget the day I met a mare named Bella. She was a beautiful Thoroughbred, full of spirit, and as I examined her, I could see the signs of early pregnancy. Bella’s owner was filled with excitement and concern, asking me questions about how to care for her during this critical time. It was a moment that reminded me just how important proper nutrition and care are for pregnant horses. I've had the privilege of working with countless horses over the years, and I've witnessed firsthand how a well-planned feeding schedule can lead to healthier pregnancies and stronger foals.

Feeding a pregnant mare is not just about providing enough food; it’s about ensuring the right balance of nutrients that support the development of the growing foal. This topic matters immensely because the health of the mare directly influences the health of her offspring, and as caretakers, we have a responsibility to provide them with the best possible care. In this article, I’ll share insights, research, and practical tips that I’ve gathered throughout my career to help you navigate the feeding schedule and diet for pregnant horses.

Key Facts You Should Know

Understanding the nutritional needs of a pregnant mare is essential for the health of both the mother and her foal. Here are some key facts to consider:

First, a mare's nutritional requirements increase significantly during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester. Research from the University of Kentucky shows that a mare needs about 20% more energy and protein in her diet during this time. This means adjusting her feed gradually as she progresses through her gestation.

Second, the mineral requirements also change. Calcium and phosphorus are crucial for fetal bone development. According to a 2023 study from Cornell University, a pregnant mare should receive a diet that contains a ratio of 2:1 calcium to phosphorus.

Third, hydration is paramount. Pregnant mares need access to fresh, clean water at all times, as hydration supports digestion and nutrient absorption. A mare may increase her water intake by 15-20% during pregnancy.

Another important consideration is the timing of feedings. It’s best to split the daily ration into two or three smaller meals. This helps prevent digestive issues and allows for better nutrient absorption. I've always recommended feeding mares at consistent times each day to establish a routine.

Moreover, the final two months of gestation are critical for the foal's growth. A study published in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science indicates that approximately 60% of fetal growth occurs during this period. Therefore, ensuring the mare receives adequate nutrition during this time is vital.

Lastly, don’t forget about the importance of forage. High-quality hay should make up a significant portion of the mare's diet. It provides the necessary fiber that supports gut health, which is especially important during pregnancy.

Building a Balanced Diet for Your Mare

Essential Nutrients for Pregnant Mares

In my experience, a balanced diet goes beyond just increasing feed quantity. Pregnant mares require specific nutrients to support both their health and their foal's development. Key nutrients include protein, vitamins, and minerals.

Protein is fundamental for tissue growth and development. I usually recommend a high-quality grain or concentrate that contains at least 14-16% protein. This ensures that the mare receives sufficient amino acids necessary for her health and the growing foal.

Vitamins play a critical role as well. Vitamin E and Selenium are particularly important for immune function and muscle development. Many breeders report that supplementing Vitamin E during the last trimester can improve foal vitality. Research indicates that foals born to mares supplemented with Vitamin E show enhanced immunity and better overall health.

Another nutrient that should not be overlooked is fat. Adding a small amount of vegetable oil or a commercial fat supplement can provide a concentrated source of energy. This is especially beneficial in the later stages of pregnancy when the mare’s energy needs are increased.

The Role of Forage

Forage is the backbone of any equine diet, and it’s especially true for pregnant mares. High-quality hay should be the primary source of nutrients. I always recommend testing the hay for nutrient content, as the quality can vary significantly. A good mix of grass and alfalfa hay can provide the necessary fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

In addition to hay, consider using pasture as a supplemental source of nutrition. Grazing allows mares to consume a variety of nutrients naturally, which can enhance their overall health. However, be cautious about the quality of the pasture and the presence of any toxic plants.

Feeding Schedule

Creating a feeding schedule is crucial for managing a pregnant mare's dietary needs. I’ve found that consistency helps not just with digestion but also with behavior. Most breeders find success in feeding two to three times a day, ensuring that the mare has access to forage at all times.

It’s also important to gradually introduce any new feed or supplements. I recommend making changes over at least a week to avoid digestive upset. Monitor the mare’s body condition score regularly to ensure she is maintaining a healthy weight.

Practical Tips from Experience

Over the years, I’ve gathered a collection of practical tips that can help you support your mare during her pregnancy:

Start Early: Begin adjusting the mare's diet as soon as you confirm her pregnancy. Gradually increase her nutritional intake over the first few months.
Monitor Body Condition: Regularly assess the mare’s body condition score. Aim for a score between 5 and 6 on a scale of 1 to 9. This helps ensure she is neither underweight nor overweight, both of which can lead to complications.
Supplement Wisely: If you notice any deficiencies in vitamins or minerals, consult with a veterinarian to find the right supplements. Avoid over-supplementing, as this can lead to toxicity.
Provide Enrichment: Boredom can lead to stress in pregnant mares. Provide toys or engage them in light exercise to keep them mentally stimulated.
Hydration Check: Always ensure fresh water is available. If you notice a drop in water intake, investigate potential underlying issues.
Pre-Foaling Preparation: Start close monitoring two weeks before the due date. This ensures you're prepared for any signs of foaling without causing unnecessary stress.
Record Keeping: Keep a journal of what your mare is eating, her body condition, and any supplements given. This can help you identify trends and make necessary adjustments.
Veterinary Visits: Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to monitor the mare’s health throughout her pregnancy. Your veterinarian can provide tailored advice based on her specific needs.

Common Questions I Get Asked

How much should I feed my pregnant mare?

The amount varies based on her body weight and condition, but generally, a pregnant mare should receive about 1.5-2% of her body weight in total feed daily. This includes both forage and concentrates.

When should I start adjusting her diet?

You should start adjusting her diet as soon as you confirm her pregnancy. Gradually increase her intake, especially during the last trimester when her nutritional needs peak.

Can I still exercise my mare while she’s pregnant?

Yes, light exercise is beneficial for pregnant mares. Activities like hand-walking or light riding can help maintain her condition, but always consult with your veterinarian about what’s appropriate for her specific circumstances.

What are the signs of a healthy pregnancy?

Signs of a healthy pregnancy include a good appetite, steady weight gain, and a generally calm demeanor. Regular veterinary check-ups will also provide reassurance of her health.

Is it normal for my mare to lose some weight during pregnancy?

Some weight loss can occur, especially in the early stages due to changes in appetite. However, significant weight loss is concerning and should prompt a consultation with your veterinarian.

Warning Signs and When to Call Your Vet

While many pregnancies progress smoothly, it’s essential to be vigilant for warning signs that may indicate complications. Here are a few concerning symptoms to watch for:

Unusual Discharge: Any abnormal discharge from the vulva can indicate infection or miscarriage.
Persistent Lameness: If your mare shows signs of lameness or discomfort, it could indicate an underlying issue that needs attention.
Loss of Appetite: A sudden decrease in appetite, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, should be investigated.
Colic Symptoms: Signs of colic, such as rolling, pawing, or restlessness, require immediate veterinary attention.
Swelling or Pain: Any swelling in the abdomen or signs of pain should be taken seriously, as they could indicate complications.
Behavior Changes: Increased aggression or signs of distress may indicate an underlying health problem.
Foal Movement Changes: If you notice a significant decrease in foal movement, it’s important to consult your veterinarian promptly.

Conclusion

Caring for a pregnant mare is a rewarding yet challenging responsibility. By providing a well-balanced diet and staying attuned to her needs, you can help ensure a successful pregnancy and a healthy foal. Remember, utilizing tools like a gestation calculator can help you keep track of important milestones throughout the pregnancy.

If you ever feel uncertain about your mare’s health or diet, don’t hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian for guidance. After all, we’re all in this together, striving to give our equine companions the best care possible.

In my years of practice, I’ve learned that a little extra attention and care goes a long way in supporting our equine mothers and their foals. So, keep those spirits high, and enjoy the journey of bringing new life into the world!

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional veterinary advice.

Essential Feeding Schedule for Pregnant Horses Explained